The average temperature in the coldest five days of winter in St. Petersburg, Russia’s second largest city, reaches -26℃, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is more than 50℃. The curtain wall glazing project is a unit type, with a building height of 83.4m and a curtain wall area of 15300㎡. In consideration of the sp...

A floor is a floor in a tall building used for temporary refuge in the event of a fire. A refuge is a room for fire personnel to take temporary refuge on a certain height (a floor of 100 meters or more). The height from the first floor of the curtain wall building to the first refuge floor shall not be greater than 45m; The height difference bet...

Component curtain wall and unit curtain wall or assembled curtain wall in addition to the differences in the structure system, the site of the construction scheme is obviously different, this performance in the use of unit curtain wall or assembled curtain wall, the technical content and advanced degree of the construction scheme have been signi...

In practical applications, curtain wall systems are designed to provide an added layer of protection against elements for large-scale commercial buildings. There are various types of curtain wall systems constructed with durable glass and aluminum so as to provide much needed stability and added insulation against outdoor temperatures. For comme...

As it is well acknowledged, the building envelope remains one of the most important exterior elements for building functionality. While curtain wall facade is regarded an elegant component that helps to define the unique architectural aesthetics of the modern buildings today, it also has the critical role related to energy performance and interi...